蓄電池有多種類型，目前，風力發電普通采用于荷鉛酸蓄電池。這種電池灌液后，經過30分鐘，待液溫為l5C時即可使用，不需要進行初充電。對剛剛安裝風力機，又不具備初充電條件的偏遠地方，立即可以用電，是很優越的。這種電池的缺點是體積和重量較大，搬運不方便。市場銷售的鋁酸蓄電池多是機動車啟動用電池，其極板結構和制造特點，使用在風力發電的充放運行條件下，是不適合的，使用命短，一般只有2～3年左右。在容量較大的風力發電站中，最好采用固定型防酸隔爆式鉛蓄電池，這種電池具有容量大，電液比重較低（15℃時約在1.21左右），減少對極板和隔板的腐蝕，可延長蒸發時間，還有防滲漏措施，減少了對地的放電。

堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)體(ti)積(ji)小(xiao)。重量(liang)輕，使(shi)用(yong)壽命可達15年左右，在我區也有(you)少(shao)量(liang)使(shi)用(yong)。堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)池(chi)壽命雖然比酸性(xing)(xing)電(dian)池(chi)長5-7倍，但其(qi)價(jia)格卻高(gao)出酸性(xing)(xing)電(dian)池(chi)10幾倍。從經濟上考慮，我們認為(wei)在小(xiao)型風力發電(dian)中還是使(shi)用(yong)于荷鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)較有(you)利。

蓄電池的三種(zhong)運(yun)行方式

1.全充全放制。即風機集(ji)中安(an)裝，集(ji)中充電(dian)，電(dian)瓶分(fen)散到戶(hu)，每戶(hu)兩塊電(dian)瓶輪換(huan)使用。

風(feng)力(li)發電(dian)是(shi)(shi)受風(feng)制約的，尤其是(shi)(shi)對(dui)小型風(feng)機(ji)(ji)更為明(ming)顯。在(zai)村內風(feng)小，風(feng)機(ji)(ji)必須集中安(an)裝在(zai)村外，架(jia)線又有困難(nan)的農(nong)村、浩特，適合(he)采取這種方式。風(feng)機(ji)(ji)可以架(jia)設(she)在(zai)風(feng)能較(jiao)佳的場地上，得(de)以充分利用(yong)風(feng)能。電(dian)瓶(ping)輪換使用(yong)能保證(zheng)滿充滿放。缺(que)點是(shi)(shi)：

①所需電(dian)瓶較多，增(zeng)大投資(zi)和電(dian)度成本。②電(dian)瓶使用(yong)效率較低（約40%左(zuo)右）。③電(dian)池的充(chong)放電(dian)輪換頻繁，使用(yong)壽命較短(duan)。

④經常(chang)來回搬(ban)運電(dian)瓶(ping)給用戶造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)麻煩，且容(rong)易(yi)碰壞電(dian)瓶(ping)；搬(ban)運不慎，電(dian)解液容(rong)易(yi)外漏，會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)瓶(ping)缺液或燒壞衣(yi)服(fu)。

2.半(ban)浮充電(dian)(dian)運行方(fang)(fang)式。就是風機（直流發(fa)電(dian)(dian)）和電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)并聯供電(dian)(dian)的工作方(fang)(fang)式。不(bu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)時

（白(bai)天），由風(feng)機發(fa)電(dian)向蓄電(dian)瓶充電(dian)；無(wu)風(feng)時，由蓄電(dian)池向負載供電(dian)；有風(feng)時，由風(feng)機發(fa)電(dian)浮充蓄電(dian)瓶并供電(dian)。這種方式(shi)多用(yong)于(yu)單(dan)機1～3戶使用(yong)，配置(zhi)的莓電(dian)瓶容量較少(shao)，投(tou)資也相應減少(shao)。采(cai)用(yong)半浮充制蓄電(dian)池的壽(shou)命一般此(ci)全(quan)充全(quan)放制長些，蓄電(dian)池的使用(yong)效率約(yue)50%左右。

3.全浮充(chong)制(zhi)。把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶集中安裝在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組和(he)風(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)并接在(zai)負載回路(lu)上，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)常期處于小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中。風(feng)機(ji)在(zai)向(xiang)負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，風(feng)速(su)波動引起的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波動，通過蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組起到了(le)穩定作用，保證了(le)正常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種(zhong)運行方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽命(ming)比以(yi)上兩種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)都(dou)長，而且所需的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量大為減少(shao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能效率(lv)提高，簡(jian)化了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)維(wei)護，整個(ge)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備效率(lv)可達(da)到60-70%。察(cha)右后旗韓勿拉風(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站就(jiu)是采用這種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)進(jin)行工(gong)作的。