鈉(na)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)種類有(you)(you)：鈉(na)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)有(you)(you)鈉(na)硫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鈉(na)鹽(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鈉(na)空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、有(you)(you)機系鈉(na)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、水系鈉(na)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等。

（1）鈉(na)(na)(na)(na)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)池：它以熔融的液態金屬鈉(na)(na)(na)(na)（Na）和單(dan)質(zhi)(zhi)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)（S）分別用作負極(ji)(ji)和正極(ji)(ji)的活性物質(zhi)(zhi)，以固態的Beta-Al2O3陶瓷作為隔膜(mo)和電(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)。鈉(na)(na)(na)(na)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)池的比(bi)能量(liang)（即電(dian)池單(dan)位(wei)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)或(huo)單(dan)位(wei)體積所能存儲(chu)的能量(liang)）高，其理論(lun)比(bi)能量(liang)為760W-h/kg，實(shi)際(ji)已經超過150W-h/kg，是鉛酸電(dian)池的3-4倍(bei)。鈉(na)(na)(na)(na)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)池需(xu)要較高的運行溫度（300-400℃）。

（2）鈉(na)(na)鹽電(dian)(dian)池：鈉(na)(na)鹽電(dian)(dian)池包括液態的鈉(na)(na)負(fu)極、金(jin)屬氯化材料(liao)（NiCl2和少量FeCl2）的正極以及鈉(na)(na)離子(zi)導體(ti)Beta-Al203陶瓷電(dian)(dian)解質。

在放電(dian)過程(cheng)中金屬鈉(na)負極(ji)(ji)被(bei)氧化(hua)產生的鈉(na)離子通過鈉(na)離子導體Beta-Al2O3固態鈉(na)電(dian)解質以及由氯化(hua)鈉(na)和(he)三氯化(hua)鋁混合熔(rong)液(ye)組成的次級電(dian)解液(ye)到達NiCl2正極(ji)(ji)，充電(dian)過程(cheng)則(ze)相反。

（3）鈉空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電池(chi)(chi)：鈉空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電池(chi)(chi)屬(shu)(shu)于金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)-空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電池(chi)(chi)體系(xi)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)在空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電極上(shang)使堿金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)離子和氧氣(qi)(qi)發生(sheng)(sheng)反應來產生(sheng)(sheng)堿金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)氧化(hua)物來驅(qu)動整個電池(chi)(chi)工作。正(zheng)極通(tong)常采(cai)用多孔碳材(cai)料或多孔金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)材(cai)料，不(bu)僅為氧氣(qi)(qi)的傳輸提供通(tong)道，更為氧氣(qi)(qi)的還原以(yi)及與堿金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)離子結合生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)堿金(jin)(jin)(jin)氧化(hua)物提供反應場地。在放電的過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)的堿金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)氧化(hua)物會(hui)不(bu)斷填(tian)(tian)充(chong)這(zhe)些多孔材(cai)料的空(kong)(kong)隙，直到空(kong)(kong)隙被完全(quan)填(tian)(tian)滿(man)放電反應才會(hui)終(zhong)止。

（4）有機系鈉離(li)子電池(chi)：

鈉離(li)(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鋰離(li)(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)組(zu)成一(yi)樣，包括(kuo)正極、負(fu)極、隔膜和(he)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)”鈉離(li)(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)采用鈉作(zuo)為(wei)負(fu)極，負(fu)極由(you)硬碳或可嵌鈉材料(liao)組(zu)成。負(fu)極是鈉離(li)(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中最麻煩的(de)部分之一(yi)，事實上，用于鋰離(li)(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)石墨材料(liao)完全不(bu)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)鈉離(li)(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中工作(zuo)。在(zai)(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，負(fu)極被(bei)氧化的(de)同時鈉離(li)(li)(li)子被(bei)釋放(fang)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)中，與(yu)此同時鈉離(li)(li)(li)子嵌入到(dao)正極材料(liao)中正極被(bei)還原。

（5）水系(xi)(xi)鈉(na)離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池：由于有(you)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池面臨著(zhu)高成(cheng)本，生產復雜(za)，安全性等問題，使(shi)得(de)其(qi)在大規模能量存儲(chu)方(fang)(fang)面面臨瓶頸。而水系(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)與(yu)有(you)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)相比有(you)更(geng)(geng)快的(de)(de)離子(zi)(zi)遷移(yi)速率，更(geng)(geng)便宜，更(geng)(geng)安全，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池更(geng)(geng)容(rong)易制造以(yi)及可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)用更(geng)(geng)厚(hou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，唯(wei)一的(de)(de)缺點是水的(de)(de)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓窗(chuang)口(kou)較(jiao)窄(zhai)“使(shi)用水系(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)是最有(you)效降低(di)鈉(na)離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池成(cheng)本的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法，使(shi)得(de)越來越多(duo)的(de)(de)研究轉移(yi)到水系(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池鈉(na)離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)研究中。