鈉(na)(na)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按其存在狀態(tai)講(jiang)有(you)液(ye)態(tai)和(he)固態(tai)兩類(lei)之分(fen)。與(yu)鋰離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池相似，用于鈉(na)(na)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的液(ye)態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也是由鈉(na)(na)鹽溶(rong)(rong)于有(you)機溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)中，鈉(na)(na)鹽一(yi)般可(ke)以(yi)為(wei)：NaPF6，Na-ClO4，NaAIClh，NaFeClh，NaSO，CF3，NaBF4，NaBClh，NaNO3，NaPOFA，NaSCN，NaCN，NaAsF6，NaCF3CO2，NaSbF6，NaC6HsCO2，Na（CH3）C6H4SO3，NaHSO4，NaB（C6Hs）4等等；對有(you)機溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)則有(you)以(yi)下要求：介電(dian)(dian)(dian)常數大，熔(rong)點低（常溫時為(wei)液(ye)態(tai)），鈉(na)(na)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力強(qiang)。為(wei)滿足(zu)前敘幾點要求，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)一(yi)般為(wei)無(wu)水二元組分(fen)，其成分(fen)可(ke)以(yi)是碳(tan)酸(suan)(suan)乙烯酯（EC），碳(tan)酸(suan)(suan)丙烯酯（PC），碳(tan)酸(suan)(suan)二乙酯（DEC），1，2-二甲氧基(ji)乙烷（DME），四(si)氫呋喃（THF），2-甲基(ji)四(si)氫呋喃（2-MTHF）等。在最終配制成的電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，Na+摩爾濃度以(yi)1mol/L左右(you)為(wei)宜。

鈉(na)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)液態電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)配置(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求高（無(wu)水）、易泄漏、不安全(quan)（如造(zao)成單質(zhi)金(jin)屬(shu)負極(ji)生(sheng)成枝晶，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部短路而發(fa)生(sheng)爆炸(zha)）。特別(bie)是(shi)以單質(zhi)鈉(na)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)負極(ji)材(cai)料(liao)時(shi)，它(ta)與液態電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)間(jian)的(de)反(fan)應造(zao)成該(gai)類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)展困難。使用合金(jin)負極(ji)是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)方案，但(dan)(dan)合金(jin)中鈉(na)離子(zi)擴散困難，而且在(zai)多次循(xun)環之后，其體積有顯著變化。另外一種(zhong)(zhong)解(jie)決方案是(shi)改進電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)，即(ji)在(zai)選擇適當溶劑的(de)同時(shi)，加入(ru)(ru)添加劑。但(dan)(dan)人們也在(zai)尋(xun)找新型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)材(cai)料(liao)，近(jin)年(nian)來發(fa)展較快的(de)聚(ju)合物電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)就是(shi)一個典(dian)型(xing)(xing)的(de)例子(zi)。一般來講，所謂聚(ju)合物電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)就是(shi)將鹽類(lei)物質(zhi)以摻雜(za)的(de)形式混入(ru)(ru)聚(ju)合物制成導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)離子(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)）的(de)高分子(zi)。

常見(jian)的用作鈉離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)固體聚合物電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質（Solid Polymer Electrolyte，SPE）的高(gao)(gao)聚物有聚氧化乙烯、聚苯胺、聚吡咯、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、聚四氟物等，按(an)高(gao)(gao)聚物的構型不(bu)同(tong)，它們可分別形成線形高(gao)(gao)分子(zi)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質、梳狀高(gao)(gao)分子(zi)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質、交聯(lian)網絡高(gao)(gao)分子(zi)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質等不(bu)同(tong)種類的聚合物電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質。

堿金屬鹽則有(you)(you)(you)Nal、NaBH4、NaBF4以及聚(ju)(ju)磷酸鈉(na)等(deng)，它們(men)一般(ban)都有(you)(you)(you)帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)大體(ti)積陰(yin)(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)。將來開發新鹽時(shi)可考(kao)慮：①有(you)(you)(you)寬的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學窗，②與聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)物基(ji)體(ti)形成低(di)共熔(rong)復合(he)(he)材(cai)料，③陰(yin)(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)結構(gou)對稱或柔順，有(you)(you)(you)增(zeng)塑作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。這(zhe)類高分子(zi)(zi)復合(he)(he)材(cai)料的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性可能是導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通道(dao)、隧道(dao)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)和場致發射三(san)種(zhong)機理作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)競爭結果。而已發現的(de)(de)PEO-NaBH4體(ti)系中(zhong)，由于陰(yin)(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)配對的(de)(de)阻(zu)礙作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，降(jiang)低(di)了離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性。為滿足(zu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需要，應(ying)(ying)要求SPE的(de)(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性在(zai)10-3S/cm以上。然(ran)而在(zai)鹽池的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需要，應(ying)(ying)要求SPE的(de)(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性在(zai)10-3S/cm以上。然(ran)而在(zai)鹽類摻雜(za)后所獲得的(de)(de)固態聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)的(de)(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能尚不能達到這(zhe)一水(shui)平。因此，今后這(zhe)方(fang)面的(de)(de)研(yan)究工作(zuo)(zuo)應(ying)(ying)側重于開發出對正、負極材(cai)料具有(you)(you)(you)穩定性的(de)(de)同時(shi)又具有(you)(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性的(de)(de)固體(ti)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)。

Nasicon也(ye)是近十(shi)幾年(nian)發(fa)展起來的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種鈉(na)(na)離子(zi)導體，它是由鈉(na)(na)、錯、硅、磷(lin)、氧5種元素(su)構成的(de)(de)(de)復合電(dian)解(jie)質。美國(guo)專(zhuan)利曾報導用Na3Zr2Si2PO12粉末(mo)與Teflon混合可制(zhi)得(de)極薄固(gu)體電(dian)解(jie)質。常見的(de)(de)(de)硫酸(suan)鈉(na)(na)基固(gu)體電(dian)解(jie)質與Na3x+2y+zPxOyClz（0≤x，y，z≤1；x，y，z中(zhong)(zhong)僅一(yi)個為0）也(ye)是中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)溫使用的(de)(de)(de)快離子(zi)導體。要想用于(yu)新型二次鈉(na)(na)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)，這類固(gu)態電(dian)解(jie)質應在常溫下就(jiu)具有較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)離子(zi)導電(dian)性，而且制(zhi)備容易(yi)。SiO2骨架三維空間鈉(na)(na)離子(zi)導體的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)制(zhi)成功(gong)已向(xiang)這一(yi)目標靠(kao)近，但尚未在鈉(na)(na)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)得(de)到應用。