新能源汽車電池包是有多顆電芯組合(he)而(er)(er)成的，而(er)(er)且電(dian)池(chi)在進行充放(fang)電(dian)工(gong)作的時候，化學反應下會產生熱(re)量，不做(zuo)熱(re)量疏散的話(hua)，會嚴重影(ying)響電(dian)池(chi)組的工(gong)作性能(neng)，甚至會引(yin)發(fa)熱(re)失控導(dao)致電(dian)池(chi)過熱(re)引(yin)起自(zi)燃(ran)爆炸的危險，所(suo)以新能(neng)源汽車電(dian)池(chi)會專門做(zuo)有電(dian)池(chi)熱(re)管理系統，那(nei)么電(dian)池(chi)熱(re)管理系統是怎么樣工(gong)作的呢？

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)上裝載電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組的(de)主要儲能(neng)裝置，是混(hun)(hun)動(dong)/電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)關(guan)鍵部件，其性(xing)(xing)能(neng)直接影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)混(hun)(hun)動(dong)/電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。目前(qian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)普遍存在(zai)比能(neng)量(liang)和比功率(lv)低(di)(di)、循(xun)(xun)環(huan)壽命短、使用性(xing)(xing)能(neng)受溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)大(da)等缺點。由(you)于車(che)(che)輛空間有(you)限，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)工作(zuo)中產生的(de)熱(re)量(liang)累積，會造成各處(chu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)不均(jun)勻從而影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單體的(de)一致性(xing)(xing)。從而降低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充放電(dian)(dian)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)效率(lv)，影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)功率(lv)和能(neng)量(liang)發揮，嚴重(zhong)時還將(jiang)導致熱(re)失控(kong)，影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)系(xi)統安全(quan)性(xing)(xing)與可靠性(xing)(xing)。為(wei)了(le)使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組發揮最佳(jia)的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和壽命，需要對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)行熱(re)管理，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)控(kong)制在(zai)合理的(de)范圍內。

電(dian)池熱(re)管理系(xi)統(tong)的(de)主要(yao)功能包括：電(dian)池溫度的(de)準確測量和(he)監控；電(dian)池組(zu)溫度過高時(shi)的(de)有效散(san)熱(re)；低(di)溫條件下的(de)快速加(jia)熱(re)；保證電(dian)池組(zu)溫度場的(de)均勻分布；電(dian)池散(san)熱(re)系(xi)統(tong)與其他散(san)熱(re)單(dan)元的(de)匹配。

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)包(bao)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)有風(feng)冷(leng)(leng)和液冷(leng)(leng)兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。研究表明(ming)風(feng)冷(leng)(leng)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)易實現，但電(dian)(dian)池(chi)包(bao)溫(wen)度(du)梯度(du)變化(hua)較大，不利于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)穩定工作。通(tong)過冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)液與空調系統(tong)(tong)的(de)制冷(leng)(leng)劑進(jin)行換熱的(de)液冷(leng)(leng)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)逐漸成為主流(liu)。對新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)熱問題(ti)的(de)科學管理(li)，需要考慮多(duo)(duo)個(ge)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)相互影響(xiang)。各系統(tong)(tong)之間(jian)的(de)影響(xiang)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)包(bao)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)與汽(qi)車(che)(che)空調系統(tong)(tong)、電(dian)(dian)機(ji)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)系統(tong)(tong)、發動機(ji)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)系統(tong)(tong)等多(duo)(duo)個(ge)系統(tong)(tong)存在不同程度(du)的(de)耦(ou)合(he)。這樣在做電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)(tong)溫(wen)度(du)控制策略、熱管理(li)時就要同時分析與其他系統(tong)(tong)的(de)影響(xiang)關(guan)系。

電池熱(re)管理系統解決方案

為(wei)了解(jie)決(jue)電池熱管理中，流體系(xi)統(tong)之(zhi)間復雜的(de)(de)耦合系(xi)，可以采用(yong)Dymola軟件(jian)的(de)(de)蒸發(fa)循環庫、液冷庫、電池庫等搭建一維仿真模型。去模擬(ni)整個模型系(xi)統(tong)，分(fen)析(xi)不同系(xi)統(tong)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)耦合關系(xi)，從而實現對(dui)復雜系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)化控制。

Dymola軟件具(ju)有豐富(fu)的(de)(de)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)庫(ku)，采用(yong)基(ji)礎(chu)庫(ku)與商業庫(ku)可(ke)以(yi)方(fang)便的(de)(de)搭建(jian)(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)熱(re)管(guan)(guan)理系統(tong)。蒸(zheng)發(fa)循(xun)環庫(ku)涵蓋了市面上(shang)幾乎所有主流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)制冷(leng)劑，有著精確的(de)(de)兩相流(liu)(liu)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)和(he)根據結構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)模(mo)的(de)(de)換熱(re)器模(mo)型(xing)(xing)；考(kao)慮(lv)元件生熱(re)和(he)溫(wen)(wen)度對元件電(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)(xing)能影響的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻、二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)、晶閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)、電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)基(ji)礎(chu)元件模(mo)型(xing)(xing)；具(ju)有熱(re)容(rong)(rong)、熱(re)傳導、對流(liu)(liu)、輻射、溫(wen)(wen)度、熱(re)流(liu)(liu)邊界條件等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)傳熱(re)元件模(mo)型(xing)(xing)；可(ke)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)液流(liu)(liu)管(guan)(guan)路(lu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)模(mo)、部件選型(xing)(xing)、系統(tong)性(xing)(xing)能研究(jiu)的(de)(de)液冷(leng)庫(ku)中包括管(guan)(guan)路(lu)、控制閥(fa)、恒溫(wen)(wen)閥(fa)、泵(beng)、風(feng)機(ji)(ji)、換熱(re)器、膨脹箱(xiang)等(deng)(deng)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)；考(kao)慮(lv)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)單體的(de)(de)差(cha)異和(he)溫(wen)(wen)度對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)(rong)量、外特(te)性(xing)(xing)影響的(de)(de)Modelon電(dian)(dian)池(chi)庫(ku)，可(ke)用(yong)于(yu)分析電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)、熱(re)、壽命等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)(xing)。

對于(yu)電池熱管理而言，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統是(shi)必不可(ke)少。Dymola基礎(chu)庫中包含用于(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、邏(luo)輯建(jian)模(mo)(mo)的模(mo)(mo)型庫，可(ke)用于(yu)搭建(jian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統。另外也(ye)可(ke)以通過FMI接(jie)口導入控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)型對應(ying)的FMU通過Simulink搭建(jian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律模(mo)(mo)型，并將模(mo)(mo)型轉(zhuan)為FMU導入Dymola中，可(ke)與電池系(xi)統模(mo)(mo)型、加熱/冷卻(que)系(xi)統模(mo)(mo)型進行聯合仿真。

采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Dymola軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)提供(gong)的蒸發(fa)循(xun)環庫(ku)，可搭建(jian)熱管(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的空(kong)調系(xi)統(tong)(tong)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)；采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Dymola軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)中(zhong)的液冷(leng)庫(ku)可以搭建(jian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)冷(leng)卻(que)循(xun)環、發(fa)動機冷(leng)卻(que)循(xun)環和(he)功率電(dian)(dian)子元件(jian)(jian)冷(leng)卻(que)循(xun)環等；采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Dymola軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)中(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)庫(ku)可以搭建(jian)電(dian)(dian)機、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)等組(zu)成的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)驅動系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。蒸發(fa)循(xun)環庫(ku)、液冷(leng)庫(ku)及其(qi)他模型(xing)(xing)(xing)庫(ku)可以無縫連接組(zu)成大(da)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，便于(yu)熱管(guan)(guan)理(li)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)仿真分(fen)析。Dymola還可搭建(jian)控制(zhi)算法，同時其(qi)也(ye)可以通過Simulink接口，調用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Matlab/Simulink軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)的控制(zhi)算法，實現熱管(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)控制(zhi)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)與仿真物理(li)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)之間的聯合(he)仿真，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)控制(zhi)策略的設計(ji)、驗證(zheng)，使工程師更好的設計(ji)熱管(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)。

采用Dymola一維仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)軟件可以(yi)完(wan)成仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)系統(tong)搭(da)建與仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)分析。所搭(da)建模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)既可以(yi)用于模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)匹配設(she)計(ji)(ji)、元件選型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也可以(yi)用于系統(tong)仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)進行模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)系統(tong)能量(liang)分配分析。還可以(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)可以(yi)提升工程師對系統(tong)性能的理解(jie)，作(zuo)為(wei)被控(kong)(kong)對象用于控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)策(ce)略設(she)計(ji)(ji)、驗證控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的準確度及控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)效果。