當前新能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)在(zai)政策優惠(hui)扶持下，發展非常迅速，但是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施的(de)(de)建設進度卻(que)成(cheng)了(le)嚴重影(ying)響了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)大(da)(da)規模推廣應用的(de)(de)一大(da)(da)阻礙因(yin)素。為了(le)更(geng)好的(de)(de)解決這個問(wen)題，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)有哪些可以進行(xing)探討的(de)(de)呢？現(xian)在(zai)國內外電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)及家庭分布式(shi)儲能模式(shi)的(de)(de)分析(xi)和研究，提出了(le)可有效(xiao)緩解和解決電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)難的(de)(de)技(ji)術方案。

電動汽車動力電池以鋰電池為主(zhu)，現有常規充電(dian)、快速(su)(su)充電(dian)和電(dian)池組快速(su)(su)更(geng)換三(san)種模式。

1、電動汽(qi)車電池的常規充(chong)電（慢充(chong)）模(mo)式

采(cai)用普通交流(liu)電(dian)源為車(che)(che)輛充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，是電(dian)動汽車(che)(che)最(zui)常用的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方式，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)電(dian)流(liu)和功(gong)率都(dou)較低，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)一般在 5～8 h，對電(dian)池的(de)壽命和電(dian)網沖擊影響(xiang)較小，可(ke)利(li)用夜間(jian)谷電(dian)時(shi)段為車(che)(che)輛充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，降低用電(dian)成本(ben)。但因充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)所需(xu)(xu)時(shi)間(jian)較長，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)配(pei)置一臺(tai)具有交直流(liu)轉(zhuan)換功(gong)能的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)長時(shi)間(jian)占用一個停車(che)(che)位(wei)。當(dang)車(che)(che)輛有緊急電(dian)能補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)需(xu)(xu)求時(shi)，難以滿足車(che)(che)主(zhu)的(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)。

2、電動汽車電池(chi)的快(kuai)速（應急(ji)）充電模式

通(tong)(tong)過(guo)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)以較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)車(che)輛快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)般 10～15 min 內就能使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)達到(dao) 80%以上。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)一(yi)般需要(yao)設置(zhi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站內，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站系統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)變流(liu)(liu)裝置(zhi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以后方(fang)能為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)”電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大，通(tong)(tong)常(chang)可達到(dao)常(chang)規充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)數倍甚至十幾倍，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間相(xiang)對較(jiao)短。快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)降低(di)動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)循環使用壽命。在(zai)車(che)輛集(ji)中(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)對，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)沖擊。車(che)輛通(tong)(tong)常(chang)需要(yao)到(dao)就近的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，可作(zuo)為(wei)常(chang)規充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種補充(chong)(chong)。

3、電(dian)動汽(qi)車電(dian)池的換電(dian)模式

直接用(yong)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)更(geng)換能量已耗盡(jin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)，更(geng)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)所需(xu)時間為 5～10 min。在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)定程(cheng)度上可彌補電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長的(de)缺陷。動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)通(tong)常可以采用(yong)租(zu)賃的(de)模式，降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)初次(ci)購置成本。更(geng)換下來(lai)的(de)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)有充(chong)裕的(de)時間進(jin)行維護(hu)，可集中在(zai)(zai)(zai)低谷(gu)時段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)循環壽命”降(jiang)低用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本有一(yi)定的(de)積(ji)極意(yi)義。但由(you)于各(ge)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)規格大(da)小不同，用(yong)途(tu)也(ye)不同，在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)計上存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)著諸多差別，很難將(jiang)(jiang)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)做到標準化”系列化”統一(yi)化和通(tong)用(yong)化。換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式需(xu)要(yao)建設(she)標準的(de)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，還需(xu)要(yao)準備大(da)量的(de)備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)地需(xu)求大(da)”場(chang)站建設(she)周期長”資金(jin)投入大(da)等問題。此種(zhong)模式僅適合應用(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)特(te)定的(de)線路(lu)區間運行的(de)某些特(te)定的(de)車型，應用(yong)范圍將(jiang)(jiang)會十(shi)分(fen)有限。