電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器似乎相似，因(yin)為它(ta)們(men)都(dou)存儲(chu)和(he)(he)釋放電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。但(dan)是(shi)，它(ta)們(men)之間存在著區(qu)別(bie)，這些差異會影(ying)響它(ta)們(men)的(de)潛在應用，因(yin)為它(ta)們(men)的(de)功能不同。那么電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)區(qu)別(bie)在哪？

電容器的簡介

電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)是由兩個或多個電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)隔(ge)開的(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)板組成。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)停止流(liu)動并(bing)且電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷累積并(bing)存儲在(zai)板之(zhi)間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場中。每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)設(she)計為具有特定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)（能量(liang)存儲）。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)連接到外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)路時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將(jiang)快速放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)中，板之(zhi)間沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi); 相(xiang)反，存在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)和薄的(de)(de)絕緣體，例(li)如(ru)紙板或紙。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)被引入超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)，離(li)子在(zai)絕緣體的(de)(de)任一側上(shang)形成以產生雙層電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。（看下圖）電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)僅限于低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)非(fei)常高(gao)(gao)，因為高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會破壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液。

電池的簡介

不同的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池類(lei)型以(yi)(yi)其化學(xue)組成(cheng)而命名，包含三個主要部分; 稱(cheng)為(wei)陰極的正極端子(zi)，稱(cheng)為(wei)陽極的負極端子(zi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池通過產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的化學(xue)反應進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池能(neng)夠提供一致(zhi)的直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。在可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池中，可以(yi)(yi)使用外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)來(lai)逆轉轉換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的化學(xue)能(neng)以(yi)(yi)恢復電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。

電容器和電池的區別

雖然電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有相(xiang)似之(zhi)處，但有幾(ji)個關鍵(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區別。電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勢能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)存(cun)(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)在電(dian)(dian)場中(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)以化(hua)學形式(shi)存(cun)(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)其勢能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。目前，化(hua)學品儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)技術比電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)產生(sheng)更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)密(mi)度（能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)存(cun)(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)）。然而(er)，當電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時，它可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)比電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力慢，因為存(cun)(cun)(cun)在與將化(hua)學能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換成電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學反應有著相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)潛伏期。電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)將電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)直接存(cun)(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)在板上，因此電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)速率與電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳導能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力直接相(xiang)關。由于這種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)存(cun)(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)方法，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)比電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)更快地放(fang)電(dian)(dian)和充電(dian)(dian)。超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓輸出(chu)隨著電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動而(er)線性下(xia)降。

雖然(ran)存在其(qi)他差異，但電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和電(dian)(dian)容器確實存在一些(xie)重疊的(de)應用(yong)。然(ran)而(er)，通常電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為存儲(chu)提(ti)供(gong)更(geng)(geng)高的(de)能量密度，而(er)電(dian)(dian)容器具有更(geng)(geng)快的(de)充電(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)能力（更(geng)(geng)大(da)的(de)功率密度）。對快速便攜(xie)式電(dian)(dian)源的(de)需求，使(shi)研(yan)究人員試圖增加電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時間，同時增加電(dian)(dian)容器的(de)存儲(chu)容量。雖然(ran)研(yan)究繼續改進電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和電(dian)(dian)容器，但仍然(ran)具有不同的(de)特性，使(shi)每種特性適(shi)用(yong)于不同用(yong)途。

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